Grounds from an old lace book

'A Lace Guide for Makers and Collectors' by Gertrude Whiting dates from 1920. It's a fascinating book, available online here. Chapter 4 contains a lot of bobbin lace grounds with their names in various lace traditions. Since this is a useful resource, and rather hard to look up in an online book, I have copied the pages here, with an interactive index. Click on a page number to go to the relevant page. (If there seem to be missing pages, sometimes I have combined two pages onto one webpage).

The organisation of the grounds is a little strange. The author seems to have arranged them in a 2-D table by line and column, so similar grounds are often the same column (and so pages away from each other!) A picture index arranged like this is at end of this page, or click here. Alphabetical index to all grounds in this book is in the middle of this page, or click here.

Sometimes I add my own comments to a page. Some of the names seem a little odd to me - for example her "Rose ground" (page 118) is what I would call Honeycomb. My Rose ground is her "Virgin ground" (page 95). Different lace traditions have different names, which is why her photos and my diagrams are so important.

This book uses the Twist Cross system rather than Cross Twist for describing stitches. Click here to see what this means.

	69	Introduction to Chapter 4
Line A	Page
Col 1	70	Net stitch, Lattice ground, Demi-point, Toile Ouverte, Point Reseau
Col 2	71	Virgin ground, Pin check, Ormanental ground, Binche, Cinq trous, Point Carre
Col 3	73	Malines, Mechlin, Ijsgrond, Fond de Glace, Eisgrond
Col 4	74	Trude "A" Ground (original) (American)
Col 5	75	Star mesh, Double ground, Point de Paris, Point de Six, Point Double, Trenne, Chantilly, Fond Chant, Engelsche Grond, Dentellede Grammont
Col 6	76	Point du Mariage fait a Torchon au Demi-Point
Col 7	77	Square-meshed Valenciennes of Honfleur (braided 1 or 1½ times)
Col 8	79	Devonshire Pin Filling
Col 9	80	Devonshire Four Pearl Filling
Col 10	82	Devonshire Diamond Filling
Col 11	83	Trude "D" Ground (original) (American)
Col 12	84	Trude "G" Ground (original) (American)
Col 13	85	Trude "I" Ground (original) (American)
Col 14	87	Trentino
Col 15	89	Triangular, Fan-shaped Point d'Esprits or Cut Works
Col 16	90	Abruzzian Mezza Cambruccia
Col 17	91	Trude "N" Ground (original) (American)
Col 18	93	Fond de Neige, Punto di Neve
Line B	Page
Col 1	94	Tulle du Puy
Col 2	95	Virgin ground, Ornamental ground, Fond de la Vierge, Point Carre
Col 3	96	Brussels, Droschel, Vrai Reseau (fait sans epingles), Drochel
Col 4	97	Trude "B" Ground (original) (American)
Col 5	98	Lattice ground, Gekreuzter Gittergrund (3 twists)
Col 6	99	Twice-twisted Virgin Point - mit zweimal gedrehtem Schlusschlag
Col 7	100	Square-meshed Valenciennes of Ghent or Gand and Menin (braided 2 or 2½ times)
Col 8	101	Devonshire Cushion
Col 9	102	Devonshire Hexagonal Bar Filling
Col 10	103	?
Col 11	104	Trude "E" Ground (original) (American)
Col 12	105	Dice Holes, Slanting Hole
Col 13	106	Point de Tresse with plain picots in lower joints
Col 14	107	A spotted Italian ground
Col 15	109	Fat Maltese petals, leaves, seeds, grains, wheat ears, paddles
Col 16	110	Abruzzian or Pescolane Cross Pattern
Col 17	111	Trude "O" Ground (original) (American)
Col 18	112	Moulinet
Line C	Page
Col 1	114	Plain hole net, Torchon, Reseau stitch, Einfacher Locherschlag
Col 2	115	Scotch Broom stitch, Point Jeunet ou Genet, Ziergrund mit Schragstreifen-Musterung
Col 3	117	Brussels, Droschel, Vrai Reseau, Point d'Angleterre Net, Drochel
Col 4	118	Rose ground, Scandanavian ground, Point de Marriage, Gelosia, Tulle Double
Col 5	119	Old Buckingham, Fond de Milan
Col 6	120	Slavonian Style Virgin Point, "Point a la Vierge" nach Slavischer Art
Col 7	121	Square-meshed Valenciennes of Courtai and Menin (braided 3 or 3½ times)
Col 8	122	Devonshire Brick, Mignonnette
Col 9	123	Devonshire double ground pin
Col 10	124	Devonshire Winkie Pin Bars and Cutworks
Col 11	125	Point de Paris, Fond Clair, Fond Chant (Palliser)
Col 12	126	Trude "H" Ground (original) (American)
Col 13	128	Point de Tresse with Plain Picots in Side Joints
Col 14	129	An Italian Spider with Eye
Col 15	130	Thin Cluny petals, leaves, seeds, grains, wheat ears, paddles
Col 16	131	Abruzzian Lescatelle
Col 17	132	Trude "P" Ground (original) (American)
Col 18	133	Genoese Grilled Six-leaved Marguerite
Line D	Page
Col 1	134	Twisted Hole ground, Tulle Double, Maglia di Spagna
Col 2	135	Flemish, Trolle Kant, Fond Armure, Spinnekop
Col 3	136	Droschel de Brussels, Drochel
Col 4	137	A Flemish Filling, a Lille Mode
Col 5	138	Plain Lattice ground, Filet, Einfacher Gittergrund
Col 6	139	Ornamental ground with striped effect in diagonal squares, Ziergrund mit Streifen-Musterung in Karo-Einteilung
Col 7	140	Square-meshed Valenciennes of Bruges, Ypres and Alost (braided 4 or 4½ times)
Col 8	141	Devonshire Taunton
Col 9	142	Trude "C" Ground (original) (American)
Col 10	143	"Bohemian Edged" Devonshire Bars and Cutworks
Col 11	144	Tulle Double or Redina Point de paris Variation
Col 12	145	Torchon, Russian or German
Col 13	147	Point de Tresse with plain, side picots
Col 14	148	An Italian Filet with Toile Dots
Col 15	149	Double Picots
Col 16	150	Abruzzian Piscitelli
Col 17	151	Trude "Q" Ground (original) (American)
Col 18	153	Trude "S" Ground (original) (American)
Line E	Page
Col 1	155	Tulle de Dieppe
Col 2	156	Petits Pois de Dieppe
Col 3	157	Tulle (Bruges?) (2 twists)
Col 4	158	Plain Torchon spiders
Col 5	159	Buratto, Filet
Col 6	160	Ornamental ground with zigzag diagonal stripes, Ziergrund mit Streifen-Musterung in Zacken-Einteilung
Col 7	161	Square-meshed Valenciennes of Alost and Ypres (braided 5 or 5½ times)
Col 8	162	Devonshire Second Swing Filling
Col 9	163	Devonshire Honeycomb Filling
Col 10	164	Binche Mode
Col 11	166	Point de Paris Variation with Tressed Sides
Col 12	167	Torchon
Col 13	169	Point de Tresse with Knotted Picots
Col 14	171	Italian Spiders with 4 Twisted, Horizontal Bars
Col 15	173	Marguerites a Six Petales (one sided joint)
Col 16	174	Trude "K" Ground (original) (American)
Col 17	175	?
Col 18	176	Marguerites a Centre de Toile
Line F	Page
Col 1	177	Redina, Maglia di Spagna
Col 2	178	Les Mille Pattes
Col 3	179	Tulle Ground, Lille, Filoche, Fond Clair, Fond Simple, Point de Brabant, Trolly Net, Tondern, Arras, Marche, Point de Hollande, Dutsche Slag
Col 4	180	Potten Kant, Flemish, Antwerp
Col 5	181	Un Fond Hollandais, Filet
Col 6	182	Lecherschlag
Col 7	183	Valenciennes Mixte
Col 8	184	Devonshire Swing Filling, Spot Stitch, and No Pin
Col 9	185	A Lille Jour
Col 10	187	Devonshire Toad-in-the-hole
Col 11	189	Trude "F" Ground (original) (American)
Col 12	190	A Fancy Zeccatello
Col 13	192	Valenciennes Picots
Col 14	193	Italian Open-eyed, Cable-Like Spiders
Col 15	194	Demi-Marguerites
Col 16	195	Trude "L" Ground (original) (American)
Col 17	196	Dieppe Three-Thread Valenciennes
Col 18	197	Tulle Double done on the Square
Line G	Page
Col 1	198	Tulle de Vienne, Genre Valenciennes
Col 2	199	Round Spiders in Twice-twisted Hole Ground, les Arraignees Rondes
Col 3	200	Tulle (5 twists)
Col 4	201	Round, Open-eyed, Brabant, Binche Spiders, Oeil de Perdix, Reseau Rosace, Point de Flandre
Col 5	203	Bohemian ground
Col 6	204	Reseau Simple, Analogue a Celui de Lille, d'Arras, de Marche, de Tondern, de Buckingham
Col 7	205	Round-meshed Valenciennes (single twisted joint, centuple braid) (Brusges has triple braid)
Col 8	206	Devonshire Cutwork Net
Col 9	207	Devonshire Wire ground
Col 10	208	Devonshire Wall Filling
Col 11	209	Round-meshed Valenciennes of Harlebreke, Bruges, Courtrai, Bailleul (braided 4 times) (often twice, Dentelle episcopale)
Col 12	210	Zeccatello
Col 13	211	Irish ground
Col 14	212	Italian Spiders with 2 Horizontal Bars
Col 15	213	Marguerites Centres a Huit
Col 16	214	Fish with 2 Horizontal Bars
Col 17	215	Trude "R" Ground (original) (American)
Col 18	217	Trude "T" Ground (original) (American)
Line H	Page
Col 1	219	Twice-twisted Hole Ground, Dieppe Ground, Hole Stitch with Twice-twisted Thread, Locherschlag mit Zweimal gedrehten Faden
Col 2	220	Les Arraignees Carees en Tulle Double
Col 3	221	Fond de Brides
Col 4	222	Eyeless Spiders, Fond de Neige
Col 5	224	Genoese, or Reticella Mode
Col 6	225	Lock Stitch or Du Puy Point de Paris Variation, Torchon Mode
Col 7	226	Round Valenciennes (double twisted joint, triple braid)
Col 8	227	Devonshire Point d'Esprit Net
Col 9	229	Flemish Filling
Col 10	230	?
Col 11	231	Five or Six Sided Milanese Mesh
Col 12	232	"Sunspots"
Col 13	234	Medici, Florentine, Byzantine Knots
Col 14	235	Italian 6 legged Spiders with Ribbons
Col 15	237	Trude "J" Ground (original) (American)
Col 16	238	Abruzzian "Point and Flat"
Col 17	239	Tresses with Open Hooked Joints
Col 18	241	? ?