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The Alchemist by Ben Johnson (1610)

Agate
Agate
Emerald
Emerald
Sapphire
Sapphire
Pearl
Pearl
Diamond
Diamond
The Alchemist describes a group of con-men cheating various people of their money by pretending to discover the Philosopher's Stone. This was believed to bring untold riches, since it turned all metals into gold. One of the victims is called Sir Epicure Mammon, and he is imagining what life will be like after he has the Philosopher's Stone.

Carbuncle is certainly garnet here, as rubies are mentioned separately. We have jacinth mentioned, and it can't be sapphire, because that is named explicitly. Perhaps it is another blue stone. Modern hyancinth is zircon. Sir Epicure Mammon doesn't mention amethyst. Perhaps he wanted to get drunk!

Although Alchemists were trying to do something impossible, they learned a lot about substances, and eventually Alchemy became Chemistry.
My meat shall come in, in Indian shells,
Dishes of agate set in gold, and studded
With emeralds, sapphires, hyancinths, and rubies.
The tongues of carps, dormice, and camels' heels,
Boiled i' the spirit of Sol, and dissolved pearl
(Apicius' diet, 'gainst the epilepsy);
And I will eat these broths with spoons of amber,
Headed with diamond and carbuncle.
Gold
Gold
Zircon
Jacinth
Ruby
Ruby
Amber
Amber
Garnet
Carbuncle